🪨 Pathophysiology of Different Types of Gallstones
Learn the pathophysiology of different gallstone types, including cholesterol stones, black pigment stones, and brown pigment stones. Understand their causes, composition, and clinical associations in a clear, exam-focused format.
🩺 Pathology of Pancreas: Anatomy, Duct System, and Clinical Significance
Learn the pathology of the pancreas including pancreatic duct anatomy, major and minor papilla, pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and congenital anomalies with clear clinical correlations.
🧠 Pathophysiology of Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Learn how reduced renal blood flow leads to Prerenal AKI. Understand prostaglandin and angiotensin II roles, medication effects, and compensatory mechanisms that preserve kidney filtration.
💩 Osmotic vs. Secretory Diarrhea: Key Differences, Mnemonics, and Clinical Vignettes
Differentiate osmotic vs. secretory diarrhea with easy mnemonics, pathophysiology insights, and USMLE-style vignettes. A must-know GI concept for Step 1/2 CK.
🧪 Hypersensitivity Reactions: Mnemonics, Mechanisms, and Clinical Examples
Master the four types of hypersensitivity reactions with mnemonics, pathophysiology, and clinical vignettes. Ace your USMLE and shelf exams with ease.