🧬 DAT DNA vs. RNA: Structure, Function, and Key Differences for the Exam

DNA and RNA are critical to:

• Genetic storage and expression

• Transcription and translation

• Understanding central dogma and viruses

DAT questions often test structure, base-pairing, and biological function.

🧪 DNA and RNA: The Core Differences

Feature	DNA	RNA
Sugar	Deoxyribose	Ribose
Strands	Double-stranded	Single-stranded
Nitrogenous Bases	A, T, C, G	A, U, C, G
Base Pairing	A–T, C–G	A–U, C–G
Stability	More stable	Less stable
Function	Genetic storage	Protein synthesis
Location	Primarily nucleus	Nucleus and cytoplasm

📚 Key Base Pairing Rules for the DAT

• DNA:

  • A pairs with T (2 H-bonds)

  • C pairs with G (3 H-bonds)

• RNA:

  • A pairs with U

  • C still pairs with G

📌 DAT Tip: Be sure to recognize uracil (U) in RNA instead of thymine (T).

⚙️ Types of RNA You Must Know

RNA Type	Function
mRNA	Transcribes DNA message; used in translation
tRNA	Transfers amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA	Structural and catalytic part of the ribosome

🧠 DAT Question Examples

• “Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?”

• “What type of bond connects DNA bases?”

• “Which RNA carries amino acids during translation?”

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✅ Summary

• DNA is double-stranded, contains T, and stores genetic code

• RNA is single-stranded, contains U, and enables protein synthesis

• Know the base pairing, structure, and biological location

• Focus on mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and their roles in the central dogma

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