🧠 Anatomy of the Stomach: MCAT-Ready Visual Breakdown

When it comes to MCAT anatomy, students often focus on the brain, heart, and kidneys—leaving the digestive system underestimated. But knowing the parts of the stomach and their functions is essential for mastering gastrointestinal physiology, nutrition, and pathology.

🍽️ Why the Stomach Matters for the MCAT

The AAMC expects you to:

• Understand digestive tract anatomy

• Recognize functional regions of the stomach

• Connect form to physiological function (e.g., enzyme secretion, mechanical digestion)

This is especially relevant in Biological & Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems.

🧬 Key Regions of the Stomach

1. Esophagus

• Delivers food from the pharynx to the stomach

• Connects to stomach at the cardia

2. Cardia

• Where esophagus empties into the stomach

• Guards against acid reflux via the lower esophageal sphincter

3. Gastric Fundus

• Upper curvature of the stomach

• Stores undigested food and gases released during digestion

4. Gastric Body

• Largest section

• Major site of acid (HCl) and pepsinogen secretion

5. Pyloric Antrum

• Initiates mechanical digestion

• Begins regulating chyme flow into the small intestine

6. Pyloric Canal

• Funnels partially digested food toward the pylorus

• Narrowest part before the valve

7. Pylorus

• Acts as a muscular gatekeeper between the stomach and duodenum

• Coordinates gastric emptying

8. Duodenum

• First part of the small intestine

• Begins chemical digestion via pancreatic enzymes and bile

🧠 MCAT Tip: Function is Tied to Form

On the MCAT, always think in systems:

Example:
If a passage discusses delayed gastric emptying, ask:
“What region controls this?” → ✅ Pylorus + Pyloric Canal

🔁 Stomach Summary Table

Region	Function
Cardia	Entry point; anti-reflux barrier
Fundus	Storage of gases and undigested food
Body	Main digestive section (HCl, enzymes)
Antrum	Churning and breakdown of food
Pyloric Canal	Passageway toward duodenum
Pylorus	Controls food release into small intestine

✅ Final Takeaways

• The stomach is anatomically segmented for specialized tasks

• The MCAT may test anatomy or function-based pathology (e.g., ulcers, GERD, H. pylori)

• Use visuals like this to master both structure and integration

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

• How many hours should I study for the MCAT each day?

  Aim for 4-6 focused hours, ensuring you incorporate breaks to avoid burnout.

• What is the best way to handle test anxiety?

  Practice mindfulness techniques, take practice exams under realistic conditions, and maintain a balanced lifestyle.

• How can I stay motivated during the long application process?

  Set short-term goals, seek support from mentors, and reward yourself for small achievements.

• What role does exercise play in MCAT preparation?

  Regular exercise improves focus, reduces stress, and enhances overall mental clarity.

• How does King of the Curve help with MCAT preparation?

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