🧪 Buffers – Mechanism, pKa Matching & Physiology Examples
Buffers are essential for maintaining pH stability, and the DAT loves testing their chemistry and physiology. You’ll see buffers in:
Acid-base chemistry questions
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Biology concepts like blood buffering and enzymes
Let’s explore how buffers resist pH change, when they work best, and how to solve DAT-style questions.
🔍 What Is a Buffer?
A buffer is a solution made of:
A weak acid and its conjugate base
Or a weak base and its conjugate acid
It resists pH changes when small amounts of strong acid or base are added.
🧠 Buffer = biochemical shock absorber.
🧪 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
| Concept | Details |
|---|---|
| Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation | pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]) |
| Buffering Capacity | Maximal when pH ≈ pKa |
| Effective Range | pKa ± 1 |
| Ratio Meaning | Equal concentrations → log(1) = 0 → pH = pKa |
🩸 Physiological Buffer Examples on the DAT
| Buffer System | Location | Components | pKa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bicarbonate | Blood plasma | H₂CO₃ / HCO₃⁻ | ~6.1 |
| Phosphate | Intracellular fluid | H₂PO₄⁻ / HPO₄²⁻ | ~7.2 |
| Protein Buffers | Hemoglobin in RBCs | Amino acid side chains | Variable |
✅ DAT questions may ask about which buffer is most important in a given organ system or what happens if CO₂ levels change.
📈 DAT-Style Practice Question
Q: Which of the following is the best buffer for a solution at pH 5.0?
A) pKa = 3.0
B) pKa = 4.0
✅ C) pKa = 5.0
D) pKa = 7.0
🎯 DAT Strategy Tips
✅ Buffers work best when pKa ≈ target pH
✅ Use HH equation for ratio and range calculations
✅ Know bicarbonate = most tested buffer system
✅ Match buffer systems to physiology (blood, cells, enzymes)
Need more visuals? Visit kingofthecurve.org/studyscience
🚀 Call-to-Action
Want to keep your DAT prep stable under pressure?
Download the KOTC App to access:
Buffer practice questions
HH equation tutorials
pKa flashcards and curve coin drills
Visual guides for all general chemistry topics
🧪 Stay balanced—prep smarter with KOTC.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
-
Aim for 4-6 focused hours, ensuring you incorporate breaks to avoid burnout.
-
Practice mindfulness techniques, take practice exams under realistic conditions, and maintain a balanced lifestyle.
-
Set short-term goals, seek support from mentors, and reward yourself for small achievements.
-
Regular exercise improves focus, reduces stress, and enhances overall mental clarity.
-
KOTC offers personalized learning tools, gamification features, and adaptive question banks to help students stay on track without burnout.
