The term “cytokine storm” exploded into public awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic—but it’s been a favorite on USMLE exams for years. Whether it’s sepsis, autoimmune disorders, or viral infections, understanding cytokine-mediated immune dysregulation can help you nail immunology questions on both Step 1 and Step 2.

In this blog, we’ll break down how cytokine storms work, when to expect them on the USMLE, and how to master the concept using a powerful KOTC science visual.